AFIO Weekly Intelligence Notes #12-17 dated 21 March 2017

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CONTENTS

Section I - INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS

Section II - CONTEXT & PRECEDENCE

Section III - COMMENTARY

Section IV - Obituaries

Obituaries

Section V - Events

Upcoming AFIO Events

Other Upcoming Events

For Additional AFIO and other Events two+ months or more... Calendar of Events 

WIN CREDITS FOR THIS ISSUE: The WIN editors thank the following special contributors:  pjk, mh, gh, mk, rd, fm, kc, jm, mr, jg, th and fwr. They have contributed one or more stories used in this issue.

The WIN editors attempt to include a wide range of articles and commentary in the Weekly Notes to inform and educate our readers. However, the views expressed in the articles are purely those of the authors, and in no way reflect support or endorsement from the WIN editors or the AFIO officers and staff. We welcome comments from the WIN readers on any and all articles and commentary.
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Intelligence as a Career BookletJust released - AFIO's 2017 edition of...

Intelligence as a Career - with updated listings of colleges teaching intelligence courses, and Q&As on needed foreign languages, as well as the courses, grades, extracurricular activities, and behavioral characteristics and life experiences sought by modern U.S. intelligence agencies.

AFIO's popular 56-page booklet reaches high school and college students considering careers in the U.S. Intelligence Community. This is the fourth edition.
The publication is also popular with University Career Guidance Centers, professors and academic departments specializing in national security, and parents assisting children or grandchildren in choosing meaningful, public service careers.
This booklet is provided at no cost as a public service - online and in print - from the generosity of AFIO board, donors, and members. 20,000 printed copies of each edition are distributed. Many more are accessed online.
We thank all members for their support which makes this possible.

2017 edition of Careers Booklet in PDF Format available here.

Also now online as a public service is the entire 788-page AFIO's Guide to the Study of Intelligence, Peter Oleson, Editor, with a Foreword by Dr. Robert M. Gates.
It can be accessed here.
If you wish, instead, to own a printed, bound copy, those are available here (AFIO) and here (Amazon).

Last two days to register...
Sign up now to not miss

"A New Perspective on NSA's Covert Activities"

NCMF_March_ProgramWednesday, 29 March 2017, 10am - 1pm
- Annapolis Junction, MD -

Please join National Cryptologic Museum Foundation friends and colleagues welcoming Stephen Budiansky acclaimed author, journalist, and historian of cryptology, speaking on
"A New Perspective on NSA's Covert Activities."
[To quickly register or explore, click image at left]

A book signing of Mr. Budiansky's book Code Warriors: NSA's Codebreakers and the Secret Intelligence War Against the Soviet Union follows his presentation and lunch follows that at noon.
Budiansky will speak about his latest book (noted above) that draws on an array of recently declassified documents to explore the NSA's long SIGINT struggle against the Soviets, and traces the historical forces behind the intelligence controversies making headlines today. Mr. Budiansky is the author of numerous books of military and intelligence history, science and biography including Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II and Blackett's War. He is the former foreign editor and deputy editor of US News & World Report, and former Washington editor of the scientific journal Nature, and a regular contributor to the Wall Street Journal's book review pages. You will not want to miss this program that draws on an array of recently declassified documents to explore the NSA's long SIGINT struggle against the Soviets and to trace the historical forces behind the intelligence controversies making headlines today.
Where: CACI, Inc. located at 2720 Technology Drive, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701, Tel 301-575-3200. Directions and Map here. Click "directions" to get driving guidance. Plenty of free parking. And a superb auditorium for this event.
RSVP NOW: register online here or mail registration fee of $20 (members) or $50 (guests, includes one-year membership) to NCMF, PO Box 1682, Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-9998. Please register prior to 23 March to ensure space available.

HOLD THE DATE: AFIO's 2017 National Intelligence Symposium

"Succeeding in the Open – The Future of GEOINT "

will be at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
and elsewhere (TBA),
Thursday & Friday, 28 to 29 September 2017.
Hotel: DoubleTree-Hilton, Tysons Corner, VA

Arrive Wednesday evening, 27 September to overnight at the hotel to be ready early Thursday, 28 September, for coach service to NGA for all day conference including visit to their new museum. Welcome by NGA Director Robert Cardillo. Friday activities TBA. Friday evening is our "Spies in Black Ties" banquet.
Hotel: DoubleTree-Hilton, Tysons Corner, VA [formerly the Crowne Plaza], at 1960 Chain Bridge Rd, McLean, VA 22102. Details, event registration and hotel room registration links to be sent to all current members in coming weeks. Early phone-only room registrations can be made at 1-877-865-1877 at $119/nite.

Book of the Week

We Know All About You: The Story of Surveillance in Britain and America
by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones
(Oxford Univ Press, April 2017)

Pre-Order here.

This is the story of surveillance in Britain and the US, from the detective agencies of the late nineteenth century to 'WikiLeaks' and traitor Edward Snowden in the twenty-first. Written by historian and intelligence expert Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, it delves into the roles of credit agencies, private detectives, and phone-hacking journalists as well as agencies like the FBI and NSA in the USA and GCHQ and MI5 in the UK (much in the news). Jeffreys-Jones highlights what he sees as malpractices such as the blacklist and illegal electronic interceptions. He shows that several presidents - Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon - conducted various forms of political surveillance, and also how British agencies have been under a cloud of suspicion for similar reasons. Includes account of the 1970s' leaks that revealed how the FBI and CIA kept tabs on anti-Vietnam War protestors, he assesses the reform impulse of this era - an impulse that began in America and only gradually spread to Britain. The end of the Cold War further at the end of the 1980s undermined confidence in the need for state surveillance still further, but the importance and utility of surveillance returned with a vengeance post- 9/11.
What emerges is a story in which governments habitually abuse their surveillance powers once granted, demonstrating the need for proper controls in this area, yet also the importance of not forbidding surveillance to maintain a safe society. This is not a story of the Orwellian state. While private sector firms have sometimes acted as a brake on surveillance by the state (particularly in the electronic era), they have also often engaged in even greater dubious surveillance practices of their own and they are accountable to only their stockholders. Something to keep in mind before railing against NSA or CIA. Oversight and regulation, he argues, therefore needs to be universal and not simply concentrate on the threat to the individual posed by the agencies of government who often have the best of intentions and many layers of safeguards.

The book may be preordered here.

 

Section I - INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS

Trump's Defense Secretary Cites Climate Change As National Security Challenge.  Our story on March 13 concerning Secretary of Defense James Mattis' views on the relationship between climate change and national security was based on excerpts from unpublished written exchanges between Mattis and several Democrats on the Senate Armed Services Committee following his Jan. 12 confirmation hearing. ProPublica has now obtained more comprehensive sets of these "Questions for the Record" and his answers.

While the exchanges mainly focus on climate change, fossil fuel and renewable energy and related security issues, which was the initial reporting focus, they include discussions of Mattis' views on issues ranging from Iran's nuclear weapons program to ISIS, Guantanamo and LGBT issues in the military. The merged documents are posted on DocumentCloud. Explore and let us know what excites, irks or confuses you, and share this package with others. Post comments or get in touch via suggestions@propublica.org.

Secretary of Defense James Mattis has asserted that climate change is real, and a threat to American interests abroad and the Pentagon's assets everywhere, a position that appears at odds with the views of the president who appointed him and many in the administration in which he serves.

In unpublished written testimony provided to the Senate Armed Services Committee after his confirmation hearing in January, Mattis said it was incumbent on the US military to consider how changes like open-water routes in the thawing Arctic and drought in global trouble spots can pose challenges for troops and defense planners. He also stressed this is a real-time issue, not some distant what-if.  [Read More:  Revkin/propublica/14March2017]

Virginia Tech, D-Wave Quantum Center Targets Defense, Intell.  To give defense and intelligence community researchers access to quantum computers, D-Wave and Virginia Tech have announced a partnership to create a permanent quantum computing center at VT's Hume Center for National Security and Technology.

Under the agreement, D-Wave will work with Virginia Tech to train its staff, faculty and affiliates to build new applications and software tools for D-Wave's quantum machines. Participants will be selected by Virginia Tech and include experts in artificial intelligence, machine learning, optimization and sampling.

As researchers get more familiar with the D-Wave system, the company expects that to lead to other application oriented projects for VT, Hume and their colleagues in the government and elsewhere,  D-Wave International President Bo Ewald said in an email.

VT's Hume Center focuses on cybersecurity and autonomy in national and homeland security and is currently researching cyber-physical system security, orchestrated missions and the convergence of cyber warfare and electronic warfare.  Both the Blacksburg and Arlington Hume Center campuses will have access to the D-Wave machine, initially via the D-Wave cloud access software until a D-Wave machine at the Hume Center is implemented, Ewald said.  [Read More:  Miller/gcn/13March2017]

Trump Picks 'Mr. Fix-It' to Run Daily Ops at Pentagon.  Patrick Shanahan has been known to clean up troubled programs at Boeing. His portfolio is about to get much larger.

That's because President Trump on Thursday said he would nominate Shanahan - currently the senior vice president of supply chain and operations at the Chicago-based aerospace and defense giant - to become deputy defense secretary.

"He was a make-it-happen kind of guy at Boeing," said Arnold Punaro, a retired Marine major general and former Senate Armed Services Committee aide.

Shanahan would replace Bob Work, a retired Marine Corps colonel who has been in the job for almost three years.  [Read More:  Weisgerber/defenseone/16March2017]

Excerpts From the House Intelligence Committee Hearing on Russia.  COMEY: Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Schiff, members of the committee, thank you for including me in today's hearing. I'm honored to be here representing the people of the FBI.

I hope we have shown you through our actions and our words how much we at the FBI value your oversight of our work and how much we respect your responsibility to investigate those things are important to the American people. Thank you for showing that both are being taken very seriously.

As you know, our practice is not to confirm the existence of ongoing investigations, especially those investigations that involve classified matters, but in unusual circumstances where it is in the public interest, it may be appropriate to do so as Justice Department policies recognize. This is one of those circumstances.

I have been authorized by the Department of Justice to confirm that the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election and that includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts. As with any counterintelligence investigation, this will also include an assessment of whether any crimes were committed.  [Read More:  nytimes/20March2017]

Senior MI5 Veteran to Become the New Head of the British Intelligence Agency GCHQ.  Jeremy Fleming, the deputy director-general of MI5, has worked for the security service for at least 20 years and had a role managing security at London 2012.

His appointment comes after the agency took the highly unusual step of publicly denying claims made by Donald Trump's press secretary, Sean Spicer, that GCHQ had helped Barack Obama spy on the then presidential candidate.
 
US officials were forced to make a formal apology for repeating the claim - initially made by an analyst on Fox News - that GCHQ was used by Mr Obama to spy on Trump Tower in the lead-up to last November's election.

The comments prompted a furious response from GCHQ, which in a break from normal practice issued a public statement: "Recent allegations made by media commentator Judge Andrew Napolitano about GCHQ being asked to conduct 'wiretapping' against the then president-elect are nonsense. They are utterly ridiculous and should be ignored."  [Read More:  Hughes/telegraph/19March2017]

Swedish Intelligence Agency Says There Is 'Real and Serious Security Threat' - Hinting at Russian Aggression.  The head of Sweden's intelligence agency has said there is "a real and serious threat against the security" in the country amid growing concerns about Russian aggression.

Sapo head Anders Thornberg said the agency has "never had a bigger and more complex task" and added Norway "has an increased military strategic importance".

While he did not explicitly talk about Russia, non-Nato member Sweden stationed permanent troops on the Baltic Sea island of Gotland in September.

The move was described as sending a signal after Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea and its "increasing pressure" in the region.  [Read More:  Osborne/independent/16March2017]

US State Department, Intelligence Community Worried by Budget Cuts.   With his department reeling over President Donald Trump's proposed budget cuts and the international community worried, US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson insisted Thursday he was happy to try to do more with less. Though the budget is unlikely to pass Congress in its current form, it underscores Trump's isolationist rhetoric and "America First" promises, urging a cut of at least 28 percent for US diplomacy.

Such a massive whack would be a shock for the State Department, which was founded in 1789 and has about 70,000 staff split between Washington and about 250 embassies and consulates worldwide.

The proposed cuts would see funding for the State Department and USAID, its foreign aid agency, shrivel from $50.9 billion this fiscal year to $37.6 billion next year.

The blueprint would also slash the budget for UN operations, and Washington "would not contribute more than 25 percent of UN peacekeeping costs," as compared with the 28 percent it offers now.  [Read More:  ndtv/17March2017]

Russian Agents Were Behind Yahoo Hack, US Says.  The Justice Department charged two Russian intelligence officers on Wednesday with directing a sweeping criminal conspiracy that stole data on 500 million Yahoo accounts in 2014, deepening the rift between American and Russian authorities on cybersecurity.

The Russian government used the information obtained by the intelligence officers and two other men to spy on a range of targets, from White House and military officials to executives at banks, two American cloud computing companies, an airline and even a gambling regulator in Nevada, according to an indictment. The stolen data was also used to spy on Russian government officials and business executives, federal prosecutors said.

Russians have been accused of other cyberattacks on the United States - most notably the theft of emails last year from the Democratic National Committee. But the Yahoo case is the first time that federal prosecutors have brought cybercrime charges against Russian intelligence officials, according to the Justice Department.

Particularly galling to American investigators was that the two Russian intelligence agents they say directed the scheme, Dmitry Aleksandrovich Dokuchaev and Igor Anatolyevich Sushchin, worked for an arm of Russia's Federal Security Service, or FSB, that is supposed to help foreign intelligence agencies catch cybercriminals. Instead, the officials helped the hackers avoid detection.  [Read More:  Goel, Lichtblau/nytimes/15March2017]

Romanian MPs to Inspect Intelligence Agency Offices.  Members of the Intelligence Commission in Romania's Parliament will soon be popping up unannounced in the coming weeks in the offices of Romania's Intelligence Service, SRI.

The move follows a controversy over the SRI's alleged cooperation with Romania's anti-graft watchdog, the DNA.

The inspections are scheduled to begin next week and the inspectors will verify documents, information and other data, Social Democrat MP Adrian Tutuianu explained.

The parliamentary committee that follows the activities of the SRI on Tuesday expanded its remit to include carrying out on-site inspections at various locations of the agency.  [Read More:  Touma/balkaninsight/16March2017]

Section II - CONTEXT & PRECEDENCE

How the CIA and a Tech Startup Are Arming Police, Intelligence Agencies.  It is run out of a quiet, unassuming office on a tree-lined avenue in Bethesda, Maryland.  The rows of hip restaurants are offering young urban professionals all the grande-iced-sugar-free-vanilla-soy-lattes they could ever need. However, this serene suburban idyll belies the fact that serious work for the police state is taking place out of view.

Nestled in a suite just upstairs from the Asian fusion and seafood restaurants is a company that is transforming the way law enforcement, intelligence agencies and even giant corporations communicate within their organizations and with each other.

The company is called BlueLine Grid. It markets itself as "the nation's premier, trusted collaboration network for law enforcement, first responder and security teams."  Indeed, BlueLine Grid boasts an impressive array of investors and customers, including the LAPD and General Electric, among others.

But perhaps their most interesting client - and the one that deserves the most scrutiny - is In-Q-Tel, the venture capital and investment arm of the CIA. It is no secret that In-Q-Tel invests in emerging technologies that the US intelligence community, especially the CIA, views as potential tools in their covert trade.  [Read More:  Draitser/mintpressnews/13March2017]

9 FBI Fast Facts.  1 - Thanks to J. Edgar Hoover, FBI directors are now term-limited.  Hoover landed his first job with the Department of Justice in 1917 at just 22 and by 1924 had become the head of the FBI's forerunner, the Bureau of Investigation. When Hoover died at 77, he had spent 48 years - 62 percent of his life - at the helm of the powerful service. FBI directors are now limited to 10-year terms.

2 - People are only removed from the Most Wanted list if they are captured, die, or if charges against them are dropped.  The FBI's 10 Most Wanted Fugitives publicity campaign came about in 1950 when a reporter asked the agency for the names and descriptions of the 'toughest guys" on its inventory of targets. The resulting article garnered so much attention that Hoover decided to begin issuing an official list. Since the program's inception, 465 of the 494 criminals who made the top 10 have been apprehended or located.

3 - The Federal Bureau of Investigation hasn't always been known by that name.  When Attorney General Charles Bonaparte first recruited former detectives and Secret Service members for a new corps of federal investigators in 1908, he referred to it as a "special agent force." Bonaparte's successor, George Wickersham, dubbed it the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) the following year. In the spring of 1933, the BOI was incorporated into the newly formed Division of Investigation (DOI), which also included the unit that enforced Prohibition; after alcohol became legal again that December, the BOI became the DOI by default. The bureau was given its current name in 1935.

4 - For Hoover, there were no women allowed.  In the 1920s, three women - Alaska Davidson, Jessie Duckstein and Lenore Houston - served as FBI agents. None were hired during the tenure of J. Edgar Hoover, who reportedly required all female employees to wear skirts or dresses and prohibited them from smoking at their desks (a "perk" enjoyed by men at the time). Shortly after Hoover's death in 1972, the FBI Academy admitted two female agents-in-training: Susan Lynn Roley, a Marine Corps lieutenant, and Joanne Pierce, a former nun.  [Read More:  history/20March2017]

The US Army's Newest Spy Plane Is in Action in Africa and Latin America.  The first version of the US Army's newest spy plane is in action in Africa and Latin America. At the same time, the service is finishing tests of three additional sub-variants in Arizona.

On March 12, 2017, Scout Warrior first reported these overseas deployments. The War Zone subsequently learned only some of the four signals intelligence-focused versions of the Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System (EMARSS-S) were snooping abroad.

In an email, US Army Lt. Col. Sean Smith confirmed this particular model was supporting US Africa Command (AFRICOM) and US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) operations. "There are no other EMARSS variants fielded or deployed at this time," he added.

Despite its name, the EMARSS-S has a suite of signal-snooping gear to track and listen in on enemy communications, as well as the ability to record full-motion video during the day or at night. Each aircraft also has work stations connected to the controversial Distributed Common Ground System - Army (DCGS-A) intelligence data network, which is supposed to help collect, compile, and distribute information rapidly across units.  [Read More:  Trevithick/thedrive/20March2017]

Who Is James Comey?  FBI Director James Comey will enter the House hearing Monday on Russian activities during the presidential election as an imposing figure in many ways -- standing 6-foot-8 and having been at the center of numerous, high-profile criminal probes.

His law-enforcement career began in the late 1980s. His relatively short time as head of the FBI includes his decision in July 2016 to investigate Hillary Clinton's use of private email servers as secretary of state. The agency concluded the probe roughly three months later without recommending criminal charges, but it was considered a severe blow to Clinton's ultimately failed White House bid.

Comey, a former registered Republican, was appointed in 2013 by then-President Obama to run the FBI.

As a US attorney for the Southern District of New York in the early 2000s, he prosecuted businesswoman Martha Stewart, who was convicted in 2004 in connection with stock deals and sentenced to five months in prison.  [Read More:  foxnews/19March2017]

Operation Finale: The Capture & Trial of Adolf Eichmann.  He said he regretted nothing.

Explore the secret history behind one of the world's most notorious Nazi war criminals, Adolf Eichmann. View recently declassified artifacts from the Mossad (Israel's Secret Intelligence Service) including the original bulletproof booth from which Eichmann testified. After learning about the daring, covert mission to capture Eichmann, this immersive exhibition takes visitors into the middle of the historic 1961 trial courtroom.  [Read More:  wbez/20March2017]

Elizabeth Sudmeier '33: The Spy Who Shattered the Glass Ceiling.  When a female secret agent breaks the glass ceiling, does anyone hear it shattering? Long before female agents became commonplace in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Elizabeth Sudmeier '33 quietly forged the path. Only no one knew of her, because the clandestine agent's work was classified.

In September 2013, Sudmeier posthumously received the Trailblazer Award from the CIA. Her nieces, nephew and two grand-nieces accepted the medallion - reserved for "CIA officers whose leadership, achievements, and dedication to mission had a significant impact on the agency's history and legacy." At the time, her files were still classified. Their declassifying began in February 2014, nearly 25 years after her death.

After graduating from St. Kate's with an English degree in 1933, Sudmeier taught for five years before pursuing a military career. Her impressive resume includes work as a Women's Army Corps stenographer during World War II, a stenographer for the Central Intelligence Group (CIG, the predecessor to the CIA), and eventually as a clandestine CIA agent in the Middle East for nine years, starting in 1956. As part of covert duty, not even her family knew her actual employment.

In addition to being one of few women in the agency during that era, Sudmeier was the first female CIA agent to handle assets in a foreign field, conduct a full-cycle recruitment, and win recognition for key operational success - earning her the Intelligence Medal of Merit in 1962.  [Read More:  stkate/15March2017]

Section III - COMMENTARY

I Ran Intel at the Pentagon. Here's My Advice on Insider Threats.  After last week's posting by WikiLeaks of thousands of pages of information purported to describe cyber intelligence-gathering tools, I have been thinking about how the director of national intelligence and the secretary of defense should respond. 

I recently stepped down after eight years at the Pentagon, where I last served as the top civilian intelligence advisor to Secretary of Defense Ash Carter and the top defense advisor to Director of National Intelligence James Clapper. Our time was often dominated by managing responses to a series of devastating security breaches at the hands of trusted insiders, including releases of sensitive data, espionage incidents, and tragedies on government installations, including at Fort Hood and the Washington Navy Yard. 

If I were still in government, this is what I would be telling my two bosses.

First, as chief executive officers, you should insist on finding new ways to thwart insider threats. You have only enough bandwidth for a small number of priorities, but this should be one of them. We must transform our security approaches to protect against cyber-hacking, espionage, and insider threats if we're going to preserve our national security advantages. We expend great cost and effort to build precious military and intelligence advantages for America over our adversaries. Time after time, these advantages have evaporated when the blueprints or secret know-how have been stolen by our adversaries or revealed publicly by the likes of WikiLeaks. Every time you consider investing in a new capability or technological advantage, ask your team to also show you how it will be protected against adversaries who want to steal, copy, or reveal it. And hold one member of your senior team accountable for ensuring there is a comprehensive, enterprise-wide strategy in place.  [Read More:  Lettre/defenseone/13March2017]

Pelican's Perch #14:  Pigs Flew at Air America!  Let's take a little time off from the hardcore technical stuff, and have a little fun. One of my favorite stories involves a pig, but first, allow me to set the stage, jump up and down on my soapbox, rave a little, then tell the story.

From 1963 through 1968, I had the incredible honor of flying for Air America, (the real Air America), in Southeast Asia. Most of that time was spent in what was then Saigon, South Vietnam, rightfully known as "the Paris of the Orient." I also spent some time in Laos, which was definitely not "Paris." They were probably the happiest five years of my life. About the time I left "the Company," life in Saigon got a lot less pleasant (can you spell "Tet Offensive?"), but I never had to contend with more than the occasional pipe or bicycle bomb, and worse, the incredible traffic on my little Vespa motor scooter. I was also a part-owner of the night club "Kontiki" in Gia Dinh, and spent most nights there, after flying all those neat old airplanes in very challenging ways, to the limits of my ability and the airplane's limitations. I ended up flying almost all the twins and the Douglas DC-4, but the airplane that I flew the most was my beloved Curtiss-Wright C-46 "Commando," my all-time favorite.

This magnificent aircraft was used throughout Southeast Asia for many things, all of which it did well. We flew it fully loaded in and out of 3,500-foot strips, often unimproved, at elevations up to 3,600 feet above sea level, in awesomely hot, humid, and dusty conditions. Even today, Everts Air Fuel of Fairbanks, Alaska, is still operating a handful of these aircraft, hauling fuel and cargo into and out of 2,500-foot gravel-bar strips in Alaska, fully loaded...a job no other airplane can do as well. Also today, after more than 30 years of not seeing a C-46, I am again serving on one, "China Doll," belonging to the Confederate Air Force. I am very fortunate.

In Southeast Asia, the strips were often not very secure - the enemy owned them at night, and sometimes laid claim to them during the day as well. Either way, they'd take potshots at passing aircraft with any weapon at hand, sometimes up to .50 caliber and 20 mm weapons. It was also not unknown for "friendly" troops to take shots at us now and then, just to relieve the boredom, and several aircraft and crews were lost to so-called "friendly fire." All part of the game, as it was played in those days.  [Read More:  Deakin/avweb/21February1999]

What Russian Hackers Teach About America's Spies.  On Wednesday, the Department of Justice unsealed an indictment against the Russian hacker Alexsey Belan and three others as the culprits behind a massive cyber attack of Yahoo disclosed in September. The indictment alleges that Belan did the kinds of things criminal hackers do all the time; namely that, after hacking into Yahoo's servers, he stole information from millions of accounts to target them with spam marketing. Belan also allegedly stole credit and gift card information from within selected accounts, and rejiggered Yahoo's search returns for erectile dysfunction drugs to send more traffic to a website that gave him commissions in return. This appears to be the kind of thing Belan excels at. Indeed, accusations of past hacks of US companies had already gotten him indicted twice before, and named to FBI's Most Wanted list.

It's charges concerning Belan's other activities that make this indictment remarkable. There are 47 charges altogether, 38 of which name him. Those charges allege that Belan helped two spies from Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB), and one other hacker, to spy - in much the same way America's own National Security Agency does - in Russia, in its neighboring countries, and in the United States (the FSB officers were themselves also indicted). Other countries have hacked US tech companies before. China, for instance, hacked Google in 2010. But no one, Chinese spy or not, was indicted in that attack, as they were here.

By indicting the FSB officers along with Belan, the US Justice Department has revealed many of the advantages American spies have over their Russian counterparts, thanks to the fact that so many of the world's tech companies are located in the United States.

The alleged Russian effort to spy on targets by hacking Yahoo worked much the same way the NSA's spying does. By the indictment's account, in 2014, Belan started by stealing a massive amount of metadata, ultimately downloading a database including account users' names, secondary email addresses, phone numbers, and password challenge questions and answers from 500 million Yahoo customers. As the NSA did with the bulk internet and phone metadata databases it collected until 2011 and 2015, respectively - and still collects overseas - the Russians are alleged to have used that metadata to pick which Yahoo accounts they wanted content from, as well as to identify accounts from other email providers that might be of interest. From there, the Russian hackers would collect the email content of targeted accounts on an ongoing basis, according to the indictment.  [Read More:  Wheeler/theatlantic/17March2017]

How China Is Preparing for Cyberwar.  The US and China have significant differences on the legitimate uses and preferred shape of cyberspace. The 2011 White House International Strategy for Cyberspace, for example, states that the US will work toward an "open, interoperable, secure, and reliable information and communications infrastructure."

In contrast, Beijing has argued for a norm of cybersovereignty, the idea that states have the right to control their own cyberspace much like they do any other domain or territory.

While China has become increasingly more vocal and assertive about how cyberspace should be governed, it has yet to offer any justifications on how and why a state may conduct computer network attacks or espionage. Still, even in the absence of any official Chinese policies, it is possible to identify the motivations of state-backed hackers. Chinese leaders view cyberspace as essential to fostering economic growth, protecting and preserving the rule of the Chinese Communist Party, and maintaining domestic stability and national security.

Given these overarching interests, computer network operations are conducted to achieve three goals: To strengthen the competitiveness of the Chinese economy by acquiring foreign technology by cyber espionage; weaken opponents of the regime and resist international pressures and foreign ideologies; and offset US dominance in conventional military capabilities.  [Read More:  Segal/csmonitor/20March2017]

Section IV - Obituaries

Obituaries

Dorothy Zaring, former Military and CIA Intelligence Officer

Dorothy Jane Church Zaring, 106, a CIA and Military Intelligence analyst and, in retirement, political activist, died 3 March 2017 in Washington, DC. Mrs. Zaring descended from a long line of Connecticut landowners who later prospered from a chain of men's stores, the origin of which was the Freeman-Church Company in Hartford, CT. She was born in Hartford and attended the Oxford School, a grade and preparatory school for girls. After graduation from Vassar in 1932, she was recruited by the Military Intelligence Service at the Pentagon in 1942. She transferred to the overt side of the Central Intelligence Agency when it was formed in 1947, and remained there for 27 years as a current intelligence analyst focusing on Italy. [Read more: WashPost/Obits]

Ray Calafell Jr, Vietnam Vet, Trial and Litigation Attorney

Ramon "Ray" Clark Calafell Jr's 2016 death was just brought to our attention. Ray was 66 when he died Friday 1 April 2016 after a brief illness. He was born in Havana, Cuba, and immigrated in the 1950s, settling in Tampa, FL. He received his B.A. from the University of South Florida in 1974 and his J.D. from the University of Miami in 1977. He was a Board Certified Trial Lawyer and practiced law in Tampa for 39 years. Ray was a wounded combat veteran of the Vietnam War, having served as an infantryman with the 196th Light Infantry Brigade (B Company, 4th Battalion - 31st Infantry Regiment). He received many military awards and decorations, and was a member of numerous military and intelligence associations. He was an active member of AFIO's Suncoast (Tampa) Chapter. [Read more: TampaBayTimes/Obits]

Section V - Events

AFIO EDUCATIONAL EVENTS IN COMING TWO MONTHS....

Thursday, 30 March 2017, 12:30 - 2 pm - Los Angeles, CA - AFIO LA Chapter hosts Phil Pressel on "The Hexagon KH-9 Spy Satellite Program."

AFIO LA hosts guest speaker Phil Pressel will be speaking on the subject of the Hexagon KH-9 spy satellite program. Phil worked for 30 years for the Perkin-Elmer Corporation in Connecticut and was responsible for the design of the Hexagon's stereo cameras. It was the last film based spy satellite. The Hexagon satellite was acknowledged to have been an invaluable asset providing intelligence information for security agencies and the military. It was responsible for President Nixon signing the SALT treaty and allowed President Reagan to say, "trust but verify" what the Russians were doing. The program was declassified by the NRO in 2011.
Phil Pressel retired after 30 years working for the Perkin Elmer Corporation in Danbury, Connecticut (now United Technologies Corporation). He is still doing consulting work. He was the project engineer in charge of the design of the formerly top secret Hexagon KH-9 cameras. He and his wife Pat live in San Diego and keep busy traveling, writing, consulting and doing volunteer work. He is a Holocaust survivor and describes his and his parents wartime escape from the Nazis living in hiding in several cities in France in his first book "They Are Still Alive." During 1944 he was hidden and sheltered by a kind and courageous Catholic family in a small village that was a headquarters for the French underground.
Location: LAPD-ARTC 5651 W Manchester Ave, L.A. CA 90045 ROOM 1G
To RSVP, email Vince at AFIO_LA@yahoo.com.

Wednesday, 5 April 2017, 7 p.m. - Atlanta, GA - AFIO-Atlanta Chapter and the Harvard Club Host Dinner & Drinks with a Spy: Jack Barsky, Former KGB.

Barsky_Atlanta_ChapterThe AFIO-Atlanta Chapter is co-sponsoring with the Harvard Club of Atlanta a "Dinner & Drinks with a Spy": the spy in question is Jack Barsky, former KGB.
Jack Barsky—who could have stepped right out of the FX Network series The Americans (on Russian illegals, which he was)—has published a book being released today: Deep Undercover: My Secret Life and Tangled Allegiances as a KGB Spy in America. Barsky will provide a presentation, entertain questions, and have dinner with us.
A fine review of Barsky's book should whet your appetite to attend. It is by AFIO member/GA Tech Professor Kristie Macrakis and at this link.
Location: Manuel's Tavern, 602 N Highland Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30307; (404) 525-3447 (tavern).
Fee: Entrance free, buy your own dinner/drinks.
RSVP macrakis@gatech.edu to assure space.

5 April 2017 (Wednesday), 11:30 am - San Francisco, CA - The AFIO San Francisco Chapter hosts Brigadier General Roderick Macdonald on "The Falklands Conflict 35 Years On."

Brig Gen Roderick "Rod" Macdonald discusses the "The Falklands Conflict 35 years On." at this April meeting of the AFIO "Andre LeGallo" San Francisco Chapter. The Falklands War from 2April to 14 June 1982 was the largest air sea battle since World War II. British forces launched the longest amphibious operation in history, sailing 8,000 miles to retake the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, invaded and occupied illegally by over 10,000 Argentine soldiers and Marines. Retired British Army Brigadier General Roderick Macdonald will give a personal overview of the campaign.
WHERE: Basque Cultural Center, 599 Railroad Ave, South San Francisco, CA 94080. 11:30AM no host cocktail; meeting and luncheon at noon.
RSVP: Eventbrite registration link is here. Reservation and pre-payment is required before 26 March 2017. The venue cannot accommodate walk-ins. Contact Mariko Kawaguchi, Board Secretary at afiosf@aol.com or Mariko Kawaguchi, c/o AFIO, PO Box 117578, Burlingame, CA 94011 with your questions.

Tuesday, 11 April 2017, noon - MacDill AFB - The Florida Suncoast AFIO Chapter hosts Dr. Mudhafar Amin on "Iraqi and Regional Affairs from view of a former member of Iraq's Foreign Service."

Dr. Mudhafar A. Amin will be offering insights on Iraqi and regional affairs from his perspective as a history and political science scholar and former senior member of Iraq's Foreign Service. We will also be honoring several WWII veterans living in Tampa Bay as well as holding elections for Chapter officers.
Location: MacDill AFB Surf's Edge Club, 7315 Bayshore Boulevard, MacDill AFB, FL 33621.
Fee: $20, payable at the door by cash or check, for lunch.
RSVP or more info: Chapter Secretary michaels@suncoastafio.org for more information or to make a reservation. Deadline: Tuesday, 4 April 2017.

Thursday, 20 April 2017, 6:30 PM - Michigan - The AFIO Michigan Chapter hosts SSA David A. Fluitt, FBI, discussing counterintelligence and counterproliferation issues.

The AFIO "Johnny Micheal Spann" Memorial Chapter hosts David A. Fluitt Counterintelligence Supervisory Special Agent (SSA) with the Detroit FBI and also serves as the counterintelligence and counterproliferation Program Coordinator within the state of Michigan. Speaker: David Fluitt, Counterintelligence Supervisory Special Agent (SSA) with the Detroit FBI Location: Contact us for information on meeting location Send inquiries to afio.secretary@afiomichigan.org or visit their website at www.afiomichigan.org.

Monday, 1 May 2017, 6 pm - New York, NY - The NY Metro Chapter Meeting features Dr. Robert Jervis on "Can We Do Intelligence Analysis Better? A View From A Complex Systems and 'Black Swan' Expert."

Robert Jervis, PhD is Stevenson Professor of International Affairs at Columbia University, and was the recipient of the 1990 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for "Ideas Improving World Order." He is an expert on the complexities of systems, politics, intelligence, and human nature and competing values. The ideal speaker for the chapter (and the country) at this time. So you will not want to miss this presentation.
Jervis held appointments at the University of California at Los Angeles and Harvard University. In 2000-2001, he served as President of the American Political Science Association. Professor Jervis is co-editor of the "Cornell Studies in Security Affairs," a series published by Cornell University Press, and a member of numerous editorial review boards for scholarly journals. His publications include Perception and Misperception in International Politics, The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution, System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life, American Foreign Policy in a New Era, and Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Fall of the Shah and Iraqi WMD, and several edited volumes and numerous articles in scholarly journals.
Location: Society of Illustrators, 128 E 63rd St, New York, NY 10065.
RSVP Chapter President Jerry Goodwin at afiometro@gmail.com

Friday, 12 May 2017 - Tysons Corner, VA - AFIO National Spring Luncheon

AFIO National hosts Spring Luncheon. Hold The Date. Speakers TBA shortly. Registration will open at that time. Event location DoubleTree-Hilton, Tysons Corner, VA [formerly the Crowne Plaza], at 1960 Chain Bridge Rd, McLean, VA 22102.

13 May 2017, 11:30 am - Patrick AFB, FL - AFIO Satellite Florida Chapter meets. Speaker TBA

The Florida Satellite Chapter of AFIO meets for a social hour at 11:30 to 12:15 - and then enjoys lunch at 12:15 pm onwards. A speaker TBA. Greet old, new members and guests (limited cash bar - honor system). Where: The Tides, 1001 N. Hwy A1A, BLDG #967, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 For more information visit their website here. RSVP here.

HOLD THE DATE - 28 - 29 September 2017 - Tysons Corner, VA - AFIO's 2017 National Intelligence Symposium

Arrive Wednesday evening, 27 September to overnight at the hotel to be ready early Thursday, 28 September, for coach service to NGA for all day conference including visit to their new museum. Welcome by NGA Director Robert Cardillo. Friday activities TBA. Friday evening is our "Spies in Black Ties" banquet.
Hotel: DoubleTree-Hilton, Tysons Corner, VA [formerly the Crowne Plaza], at 1960 Chain Bridge Rd, McLean, VA 22102. Details, event registration and hotel room registration links to be sent to all current members in coming weeks. Early phone-only room registrations can be made at 1-877-865-1877 at $119/nite.

Other Upcoming Events

Thursday, 23 March 2017 -  Austin, TX - Intelligence in Defense of the Homeland: A Symposium by the Intelligence Studies Project and the Business Executives for National Security. 
 
The Intelligence Studies Project (ISP) and Business Executives for National Security are pleased to announce a symposium, "Intelligence in Defense of the Homeland," at the Etter-Harbin Alumni Center on the campus of UT Austin.
 
"Intelligence in Defense of the Homeland" is designed to promote an exchange of well-informed views on the challenges our intelligence and law enforcement agencies face in detecting and disrupting attacks inside the US by violent extremists. Keynote speakers are James Comey, the Director of the FBI and Thomas Bossert, the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism. Other speakers are: Stephen Slick, Intelligence Studies Project Director; Bruce Hoffman, Peter Bergen, Ben Wittes, Robert Chesney, Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, president of BENS.

The Symposium is free and open to the public, however, advance registration is required for each session. Please click here to complete your registration and reserve your ticket(s). NOTE: Advance registration does not guarantee admission. Please plan to arrive early to secure your seat!

This event is co-sponsored by the Robert Strauss Center for International Security and Law, the Clements Center for National Security, and the LBJ School of Public Affairs. Please visit the Intelligence Studies Project website for more information about ISP and its activities.

Wednesday, 29 March 2017, 10am - 1pm - Annapolis Junction, MD - Stephen Budiansky discusses A New Perspective on NSA's Covert Activities at this NCMF spring program

Please join National Cryptologic Museum Foundation friends and colleagues welcoming Stephen Budiansky acclaimed author, journalist, and historian of cryptology, speaking on "A New Perspective on NSA's Covert Activities."
A book signing of Mr. Budiansky's book Code Warriors: NSA's Codebreakers and the Secret Intelligence War Against the Soviet Union follows his presentation and lunch follows that at noon.
Mr. Budiansky will speak about his latest book (noted above) that draws on an array of recently declassified documents to explore the NSA's long SIGINT struggle against the Soviets, and traces the historical forces behind the intelligence controversies making headlines today. Mr. Budiansky is the author of numerous books of military and intelligence history, science and biography including Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II and Blackett's War. He is the former foreign editor and deputy editor of US News & World Report, and former Washington editor of the scientific journal Nature, and a regular contributor to the Wall Street Journal's book review pages. You will not want to miss this program that draws on an array of recently declassified documents to explore the NSA's long SIGINT struggle against the Soviets and to trace the historical forces behind the intelligence controversies making headlines today.
Where: CACI, Inc. located at 2720 Technology Drive, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701, Tel 301-575-3200. Directions and Map here. Click "directions" to get driving guidance.
RSVP NOW: register online here or mail registration fee of $20 (members) or $50 (guests, includes one-year membership) to NCMF, PO Box 1682, Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-9998. Please register prior to 23 March to ensure space available.

Wednesday, 29 March 2017, 6:45pm-8:15pm - Washington, DC - Deep Undercover with Jack Barsky - at S. Dillon Ripley Center.

What happens when a Soviet spy decides his American life is the best fit? Join former KGB spy, Jack Barsky, and International Spy Museum Curator and Historian Dr. Vince Houghton, for a discussion of Barsky's double life as an American businessman who was really an East German spy for the Soviets in the 1980s. Barksy's new book Deep Undercover: My Secret Life & Tangled Allegiances as a KGB Spy in America will be available for sale and signing after the talk. This event is co-sponsored by the Smithsonian Associates and will be held at the Smithsonian Institution (S. Dillon Ripley Center, 1100 Jefferson Drive SW). Tickets for the general public: $30, tickets for Spy Museum Inner Circle Members: $20. Visit www.spymuseum.org.

Thursday, 30 March 2017, 1-4pm - Washington, DC - Beware of the Predator: In-Store Book Signing with Warren D. Holston - at the International Spy Museum.

Meet at the Spy Museum bookstore and meet author/career CIA Technical Operations officer, Warren D. Holston, and Intel analyst/contributing author, Dave White. Holston worked throughout the IC, DOD, and defense industry for more than 30 years and was awarded the CIA's Intelligence Commendation Medal and the Distinguished Career Intelligence Medal. White worked for the USG in a broad range of roles and missions within the Intelligence and Defense Communities for almost 30 years, including serving as a Deputy Senior Operations Officer and Identity Intelligence Analyst at the NCTC and as a biometrics technology consultant in the IC. Their latest book, Beware The Predator, is an easy-to-read guide for anyone who wants to raise their security awareness and defensive posture. This book will help you understand how to protect yourself, your family and business from criminal predators, corporate intrusion, and State sponsored spying. Whether you are a corporate or government executive, a high-net-worth individual, or someone simply concerned about identity theft and personal safety, you should be aware of the vulnerabilities to your personal data and predatory attacks against your assets and relationships. Event is free. Visit www.spymuseum.org.

Thursday, 30 March 2017, 6:30 p.m. - Washington, DC - The Mysterious Disappearance of Jim Thompson, "The Silk King of Thailand" - at the Textile Museum

When Jim Thompson vanished 50 years ago, he was the best-known American in Thailand. Rumors still swirl around his disappearance. Thompson had set up the Bangkok OSS office and later served as a CIA asset in Thailand, but it was his beautiful Thai silk that made him famous. He revitalized the industry, amassed a huge art collection, and built a magnificent house from traditional Thai homes to showcase his precious objects. So what could have happened in March of 1967, when he went for a short walk in the high jungles of Malaysia? Why were the CIA, DOS, US Army, and FBI involved in the massive search? Join Dr. Llewellyn Toulmin, the co-founder of Missing Aircraft Search Team, as he analyzes the case from a scientific search and rescue point of view, discusses Thompson's CIA connections, and suggests a solution to this 50-year-old famous mystery.

Tickets: $10. Contact Shana Oltmans at soltmans@spymuseum.org for tickets.

30 March - 1 April 2017 - Washington, DC - Joint Conference on "Creating and Challenging the Transatlantic Intelligence Community"

The Woodrow Wilson Center, the German Historical Institute, and the International Intelligence History Association are delighted to invite you to the jointly organized conference on "Creating and Challenging the Transatlantic Intelligence Community".

Please register for the conference by email to the IIHA Executive Director at exec_director@intelligence-history.org before 23 March 2017.
The conference fee is 150 EUR / 165 US-Dollar, 110 EUR / 120 US-Dollar for IIHA members and 75 EUR / 80 US-Dollar for students.
This includes dinners on Thursday and Friday as well as coffee breaks during the conference and a snack lunch on Saturday.
Full list of Speakers and Tentative Schedule here.

Thursday, 4 May 2017, 7 pm - Washington, DC - 2017 Night of Heroes Gala - PenFed Foundation

You are cordially invited to join the PenFed Foundation, our partners and friends, Thursday, 4 May 2017, as we honor those who lead the way in supporting our military and veterans. All proceeds benefit the PenFed Foundation, helping members of the military secure the financial future they deserve.
Location: Trump' International Hotel, 1100 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC
VIP Sponsor Reception - 5:30 pm; General Reception - 6:00 pm; Dinner - 7:00 pm Black Tie
Please respond by 21 April 2017.
For more information and to RSVP online, do so here.

Thursday, 25 May 2017 10 am - 11:30 am - Fort Meade, MD - National Cryptologic Museum's Schorreck Lecture: "Codebreaking and the Battle of Midway" with Author/Historian Elliot Carlson

2017 Henry F. Schorreck Lecture Speaker Series features Elliot Carlson, author of the celebrated biography of CMDR Joseph Rochefort (cryptologic hero of the Battle of Midway) - Joe Rochefort's War: The Odyssey of the Codebreaker Who Outwitted Yamamoto at Midway. Carlson's talk will be "Codebreaking and the Battle of Midway: When Cryptanalysis Came of Age." More about Carlson's book is here.

On 3-7 June 1942, the US defeated Japan in the Battle of Midway, one of the most decisive battles in world history. The battle regained the initiative in the Pacific for the US after its setback at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 while placing Japan on the strategic defensive from which it never fully recovered. On the 75th Anniversary of this US naval victory, Carlson discusses the pivotal role that intelligence played in it. In particular, the breaking of JN-25, the Japanese Imperial Fleet's operational code, by codebreakers at Station Hypo in Hawaii led by CMDR Joseph Rochefort USN.
Carlson holds degrees from Stanford University (MA) and the University of Oregon (BS); he lives with his wife in Silver Spring, MD.

RSVP: Advaned registration required since this popular NCM Schorreck Lecture Series always has a full house. So, to not lose a spot, email history@nsa.gov and/or gjnedve@nsa.gov and provide the number of seats you will need. They will confirm your reservations and answer any questions.
Event location: National Cryptologic Museum: 9900 Colony Seven Rd, Fort Meade, MD. Directions here.

4 - 7 June 2017 - San Antonio, TX - USGIF GEOINT 2017 Symposium theme is: "Advancing Capabilities to Meet Emerging Threats"

The always impressive US Geospatial-Intelligence Foundation (USGIF) is offering more than 25 training and professional development sessions at their GEOINT 2017 Symposium on "Advancing Capabilities to Meet Emerging Threats" being held in beautiful San Antonio, TX. Monday, June 5 through Wednesday, June 7 are a variety of training sessions running two hours each. Attendees receive 0.2 Continuing Education Units per qualified session. Expand your knowledge on a familiar topic or learn a new one in one of the hottest, most promising and useful fields in the Intelligence Community. Sessions include: Hacking for Defense: Solving National Security Problems; 3D Terrain Modeling; Analytics for Small Sat Systems; Recent Advances in Deep Learning Cognitive Social Media Analytics Framework; Open Geospatial Machine Learning; Cyber Attack and Defense Wargame with IT, Industrial, and GEOINT Context; And much more.
Location: Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center, San Antonio, TX.
RSVP ASAP: Agenda and other information here.

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